Harmonization of Electronic Collaterals with Jurisprudential Foundations and Sharia Principles in Iran's Banking System(A Comparative Study of Traditional Collateral Contracts with Electronic Capabilities)
Keywords:
Electronic Collaterals, , Imāmīyah Jurisprudence, Mortgage Contract (Rahn), Virtual Possession, Islamic Banking, Digital AssetsAbstract
This study aims to investigate the possibility of harmonizing electronic collaterals with jurisprudential foundations and Sharia principles in Iran's banking system. Given the rapid development of financial technologies and the emergence of digital assets, the traditional legal system of collaterals based on concepts such as physical possession (qabd), tangibility (ʻainiyat), and physical value (māliyat) faces serious challenges. Using a descriptive‑analytical method and relying on library resources and a comparative study in Imāmīyah jurisprudence and Iranian statutory law, this research analyzes the compatibility of electronic collaterals with Sharia standards. The findings indicate that concepts such as "virtual possession," "constructive possession," and "customary possession" can replace traditional physical possession and fulfill the essential condition for the validity of the mortgage contract (rahn).
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